Hi Larry, Like Leo, I've never seen a spiral Jacobs chuck. I guess the gear on the sleeve is a bevelled spiral with the key (pinion) to match? I think Leo's fix is about the best that you can expect to do given the likelihood of finding this rare key, but you never know and I'm often wrong.
Is the mount intact and is it a Morse taper that fits your lathe spindles or is it an open bore headstock chuck? Seems strange to use spiral gears for a small general purpose chuck. Wonder what it was designed for? I assume the estate sale was a bargain or you wanted to collect an unusual chuck, since key or keyless Jacobs chucks usuable for wood lathes range from about $10.00 H.F. to $45.00 C.S.
Anyway thanks, you sure put my little gray ones to work, Larry. BTW Leo, I took a look at RCM. If you guys here think I'm wordy and full of it, take a peek over there. :)
Turn to Safety, Arch Fortiter
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