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A googol is the large number 10100, that is, the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeroes. The term was coined in 1938 by nine-year-old Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner. Kasner announced the concept in his book Mathematics and the Imagination.
Writing out a googol A googol can be written in conventional notation, as follows:
1 googol = 10100 = 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 [edit] Relation to -illion number names Using the short scale, a googol is equal to ten duotrigintillion. Using the long scale, it is equal to ten thousand sexdecillion (or sedecillion), or ten sexdecilliard/sedecilliard.
[edit] The shrinking googol Back when it was named in 1938, the googol was undeniably large, and from a physical standpoint, a googol of anything would not fit in the known universe. However, with the invention of fast computers and fast algorithms, computation with numbers the size of a googol has become routine. For example, even the difficult problem of prime factorization is now fairly accessible for 100 digit numbers.
The largest number that can be represented by a typical pocket calculator for high school or scientific use is slightly less than a googol (e.g.
9.9999999 E+99, i.e. 9.99999991099, or 0.99999999 googol). However, some models allow exponents larger than 99. (Note that since often these numbers are stored as floating point numbers, only an approximation of the actual number is stored and not the entire number.)
[edit] Trivia a.. Googol was the answer to the million-pound question on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire when Major Charles Ingram attempted to defraud the quiz show on 10 September 2001. a.. If we drew a regular polygon with a googol sides that was 1027 times the size of the known universe, it would still appear circular, even on the scale of a Planck length. a.. A googol is greater than the number of particles in the known universe, which has been variously estimated from 1072 up to 1087. a.. A little googol is 2^100 ~= 1.267*10^30 and a little googolplex is
2^(2^100) ~= 10^(3.8*10^29). a.. The Internet search engine Google was named after this number. The original founders were going for 'Googol', but ended up with 'Google' due to a spelling mistake. Lawrence E. Page: "Lucas Pereira: 'You idiots, you spelled "Googol" wrong!' But this was good, because google.com was available and googol.com was not. Now most people spell 'Googol' 'Google', so it worked out OK in the end." [edit] Googolhedron A googolhedron is a three-dimensional shape bounded by 10100 similar polygons. Because of this great many number of polygons, this shape would look very much like a sphere. Having this many sides or facets would make it smoother than any man made object. There can, however, never actually be a googolhedron because there are not a googol particles in the universe.
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